Background: Chronic pain is a burdensome symptom. Different psychological models have been proposed to explain the role of psychological and social factors in developing and maintaining chronic pain. Attachment is a psychological construct of possible relevance in chronic pain. Aims: The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of predicting attachment styles on pain catastrophizing in patients with chronic pain. Methods: In a descriptive-correlational study, convenience sampling was used to select 120 chronic pain patients from pain clinic of akhtar hospital in Tehran, Iran during three months. The participants completed a demographic questionnaire, Adult Attachment Inventory, pain Catastrophizing Scale. Data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation and step by step regression models. Results: The correlations between attachment styles & depending variables in this study were significantly (P<0/01). Based on the results of regression analysis, secure and ambivalent attachment styles was able to predicted pain catastrophizing in patients with chronic pain. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that secure and ambivalent attachment styles can predict pain catastrophizing. Considering these variables may be important in the processes of prevention, diagnosis and treatment reparation of attachment, as well as promoting mental health in patients with chronic pain.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the multiple relationships between emotional regulation strategies, pain self-efficacy and disease perception with psychological wellbeing in women with breast cancer in Isfahan city. Method: A descriptive correlational research design were administered and statistical population included all breast cancer women referred to Isfahan health centers in the Spring 2018. Consequently, 160 breast cancer women were selected by available sampling method and based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data collection tools consisted of Gross and John's Emotion Regulation Questionnaires, Nicholas pain Self-Efficacy Inventory (PSEQ), Bradbent et. al Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ) and Reif's Psychological Well-being Questionnaire(RPWS). Results: The results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between re-evaluation strategy(0/20), understanding the outcomes(0/16), personal control(0/17), treatment control(0/16) and total score of Perception of Disease(0/17) with psychological well-being in women with cancer. The results of a regression analysis showed that among all variables 1-perceived illness outcome and 2-reappraisal strategy could significantly predict changes in the psychological well-being of breast cancer women. Two variables could explain 8% of the variance of psychological well-being. Conclusion: According to the results, changes in the re-evaluation strategy and understanding the outcomes of the disease are associated with changes in the psychological well-being of women with breast cancer. Therefore, by recognizing and understanding deeper psychological characteristics and beliefs about the disease in women with breast cancer, they can take steps to increase their psychological well-being with new conditions.

2Introduction: Chronic back pain is one of the most common types of musculoskeletal pain in the elderly. The self-management based of the 5A training program for problem control has positive consequences for the elderly. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the self-management-based of 5A program on the non-specific chronic low back pain of elderly patients. Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 66 elderly patients with non-specific chronic low back pain refereed in the specialized and super-specialized clinics of Abadan University of Medical Sciences, 2022. The block randomization method assigned the patients to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group was trained in self-management programs based 5A model for 6 weeks and followed up for 8 weeks.  The scale was measured in two groups before intervention,4 weeks, and 8 weeks after intervention.  Data analysis using SPSS 22 software. Results: There was no significant difference in the average pain between the experimental and control groups before the intervention, while there was a significant difference between the two groups (P <0.001). In addition, the results showed that there was a significant difference in mean pain score between the two groups after four and eight weeks (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The implementation of the self-management program based on the 5A model in the elderly with non-specific chronic back pain is effective and can reduce the pain intensity, so nurses can use this self-management method as a supportive and non-pharmacological method in the control of non-specific chronic low back pain.